Shigella O-antigen serotypes associated with MSM transmission enable persistent infection. A and B, Percentage of larvae carrying persistent infection at 144 hpi and average bacterial log10CFU for several S. flexneri isolates from serotypes 2a, 3a, and 5a. S. flexneri isolates of serotypes 2a and 3a are both capable of establishing persistent infection, to a much greater extent than S. flexneri of serotype 5a. C and D, Percentage of larvae carrying persistent infection at 144 hpi and average bacterial log10CFU for S. flexneri M90T (serotype 5a), S. sonnei 53G, and S. flexneri SRR12769770 (a 2020 clinical isolate of S. flexneri from serotype 5a). SRR12769770 does not show a significant difference in the establishment of persistent infection when compared with S. flexneri M90T. Data: mean ± SEM. Statistics: 1-way analysis of variance with Sidak correction on (A, C) percentage data or (B, D) log10-transformed data. ns, P ≥ .05. **P < .01. ***P < .001. ****P < .0001. CFU, colony-forming unit; hpi, hours postinfection; MSM, men who have sex with men; ns, nonsignificant.
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