Fig. 5

Effects of different dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) on cold tolerance of zebrafish

(A) The liver lesions of zebrafish under cold stress, after being fed with different SFA diets for 2 weeks. Scale bar, 1 mm.

(B and C) The levels of hepatic MDA (B) and CAT (C) in zebrafish under cold stress, after being fed with different SFA diets for 2 weeks.

(D) Western blotting of Elovl1a, Elovl1b, and Erk1/2 in livers of zebrafish under cold stress, after being fed with different SFA diets for 2 weeks.

(E) Hepatic expression levels of apoptosis and inflammation-related genes in zebrafish under cold stress, after being fed with different SFA diets for 2 weeks.

(F and G) The expression levels of four ceramide synthase genes in livers of zebrafish under cold stress, after being fed with different SFA diets for 2 weeks.

(H) The expression levels of β-oxidation-related genes in livers of zebrafish under cold stress, after being fed with different SFA diets for 2 weeks. Data were given as means ± SD of three biological replicates. The statistical analyses were conducted by t test or one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test. The different letters above the bars indicated significant differences (p < 0.05). The asterisks labeled above the error bars indicated significant differences (∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001). MDA, malondialdehyde; CAT, catalase; Elovl1, fatty acyl elongase 1; Erk1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2; Gapdh, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; chop, DNA damage inducible transcript 3; bcl2, BCL2 apoptosis regulator a; il, interleukin; cers, ceramide synthase; pgc-1a, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1a; cpt-1a, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a; atp5b, ATP synthase F1 subunit beta.