Fig. 9

ptenb functions non cell-autonomously to regulate the cell protrusions and cell migration during gastrulation.

(A-D) Rhodamine labeled blastomeres were transplanted from embryos injected with 10 ng of StdMO (STD) or tMO₁ (MO) with rhodamine dextran to untreated hosts (UT) or tMO₁ morphant hosts (MO). Host embryos were then imaged (animal pole on the top and vegetal pole at the bottom) under confocal microscopy and representative snapshots are shown in (A) STD>UT: StdMO treated cells in an untreated host. (B) STD>MO: StdMO treated cells in a tMO₁ morphant. (C) MO>UT: tMO₁ treated cells in an untreated host. (D) MO>MO: tMO₁ treated cells in a tMO₁ morphant. Arrows indicate the representative cellular protrusions in each embryo. (E) Cell transplantations were performed as described in (A–D), imaged under epifluorescent microscopy and time-lapse movies were taken for each treatment. The transplanted cells were traced and their curvillinear velocity (Vcl) and strait line velocity (Vcl) were calculated and shown. Values between groups with a significant difference (p<0.05) are denoted by different letters. Scale bar: 25 μm.