Depletion of chondroitin sulfate results in disruption of multiple signaling pathways. A,C,E: Tbx2b, versican, and notch1b are normally expressed within the atrioventricular canal (AVC) at 48 hours postfertilization (hpf; black arrows). B,D,F: However, treatment with the compound DX results in the severe down-regulation of expression. G,H: Bmp4 expression remains within the AVC region when treated with DX (black arrows in G,H), but ventricular expression is up-regulated (white arrow in H). For those genes that are down-regulated, we have included an image of the entire upper body, as all three of these genes stain the head. This is to demonstrate the absence of heart expression is not due to failure of the in situ probe.
|