PUBLICATION
Chondroitin sulfate expression is required for cardiac atrioventricular canal formation
- Authors
- Peal, D.S., Burns, C.G., MacRae, C.A., and Milan, D.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-091120-23
- Date
- 2009
- Source
- Developmental Dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 238(12): 3103-3110 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Burns, Geoff, MacRae, Calum A., Milan, David J.
- Keywords
- cardiac valve, cardiac development, chondroitin sulfate, extracellular matrix, cardiac jelly, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, Zebrafish
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Body Patterning/drug effects
- Body Patterning/genetics
- Body Patterning/physiology
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Chondroitin Sulfates/metabolism*
- Embryo, Nonmammalian
- Embryonic Development/physiology
- Endocardial Cushion Defects/genetics
- Endocardial Cushion Defects/metabolism
- Endocardial Cushions/drug effects
- Endocardial Cushions/embryology*
- Endocardial Cushions/metabolism
- Endocardium/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Heart/drug effects
- Heart/embryology*
- Myocardium/metabolism
- N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors
- N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- PubMed
- 19890913 Full text @ Dev. Dyn.
Citation
Peal, D.S., Burns, C.G., MacRae, C.A., and Milan, D. (2009) Chondroitin sulfate expression is required for cardiac atrioventricular canal formation. Developmental Dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists. 238(12):3103-3110.
Abstract
Defects in cardiac valvulogenesis are a common cause of congenital heart disease, and the study of this process promises to provide mechanistic insights and lead to novel therapeutics. Normal valve development involves multiple signaling pathways, and recently roles have been identified for extracellular matrix components, including glycosaminoglycans. We, therefore, explored the role of the glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate during zebrafish cardiac development. Beginning at 33 hr, there is a distinct zone of chondroitin sulfate expression in the atrioventricular (AV) boundary, in the cardiac jelly between the endocardium and myocardium. This expression is both spatially and temporally restricted, and is undetectable after 48 hr. Chemical as well as genetic inhibition of chondroitin synthesis results in AV canal (AVC) defects, including loss of the atrioventricular constriction, blood regurgitation, and failure of circulation. Lack of chondroitin disrupts a marker of cell migration, results in a loss of myocardial and endothelial markers of valvulogenesis, and misregulates bone morphogenetic protein expression, supporting an early role in AVC development. In summary, we have defined a requirement for chondroitin sulfate expression in the normal patterning of the AV boundary, suggesting that this component of the cardiac jelly provides a necessary signal in this critical transition in vertebrate cardiogenesis.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping