Figure 2

Morphological alterations in development after PEG–PAMAM–Rho systemic injection. Morphological landmarks over time were analyzed including length (a) and eccentricity (b). At 72 hpi, pericardial area (d), tail–head angle (e), and yolk area (f) were evaluated. Data are presented in box and whisker plots with minimum to maximum shown, and the points represent the data of each individual animal. (a,b) n = 13–48; details in Table S1; (d–f) n = 6–24; details in Table S2. For (a–d), non-parametric tests were performed using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. For (f), one-way ANOVA test was used, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Statistical analysis presented is a comparison between the vehicle control group and other experimental conditions in (a,b,e,f). In (d), statistical analysis presented is a comparison between the non-injected control group and other experimental conditions, as well as the vehicle control group and other experimental conditions (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001). (c) Representative brightfield images of the malformations observed at 48 hpi and 72 hpi. Scale bar: 500 µm.