Figure 5

S-shape swim forms are impaired in MCoD-ablated fish. (A) Examples of typical swim forms of an intact fish (left) and an MCoD-ablated fish (right). Arrowheads in the left panel show presumed muscle-contraction sites. An arrow in the right panel shows a kinked bend near the tail tip, which is likely produced by passive force from the surrounding water. Scale bar, 500 μm. (B) Extractions of the skeletal line representing body shape (red lines). The left panel corresponds to the left panel of (A), and the center panel corresponds to the right panel of (A). The right panel is an image of an intact fish near the end of a swim bout. (C) The skeletal line in (C) is fitted to polylines (cyan lines) consisting of four vertices including head and tail termini. (D) Histograms of the appearance frequencies of “S”, “C”, and “I” forms in the movie frames of intact fish (left) and MCoD-ablated fish (right). ***p < 0.001 (two-tailed t-test).