Morpholino knockdown of fbn2 recapitulates the pfdgw1 phenotype. A: Wild-type embryos injected with 2.4 ng of control morpholino exhibit normal notochord (black arrow), caudal vein (white arrow), and fin fold formation (arrowheads). B: Embryos injected with 2.4 ng of a start morpholino targeting fbn2 develop notochord kinks (black arrows), a cavernous caudal vein with loss of the usual reticular venous plexus (white arrow), and fin fold attenuation (arrowheads). C,D: The caudal vein and fin fold abnormalities in fbn2 morphants are better appreciated at higher magnification (D vs. C). E,F: Ventral views demonstrating truncal edema with skin distention in wild-type fish injected with fbn2 morpholino (F, arrowheads) but not control morpholino (E, arrowheads). G,H: pfdgw1 mutants injected with control morpholino (G) or fbn2 morpholino (H) are indistinguishable. All embryos were treated with PTU to inhibit melanin pigmentation and photographed at 30 hours postfertilization (hpf). Embryos in G and H were photographed and then genotyped.
|