Effects of survivin knock-down on embryonic development. (a, b): Wild-type (WT) embryos injected with random sequence morpholino at 22 hpf (a) and 48 hpf (b). (c, d): Embryos injected with a combination of SurATG (3 ng) and SurUTR morpholinos (3 ng) (SurATG+UTR) at 1–4 cell stage. Noted that while there was no significant morphological changes at 22 hpf, most of the embryos injected with SurATG+UTR morpholinos at 48 hpf showed a "characteristic phenotype" with reduced head and eye size (circled) and a mildly curved tail (arrowheads). Similar phenotypes were also seen in embryos injected with either SurATG or SurUTR morpholinos at various doses but not in WT embryos injected with random sequence. Insert (d) showed a severe phenotype at 48 hpf characterized by severely deformed embryos which did not survive beyond 48 hpf. These embryos were not included in the analysis. Each picture is representative of at least three experiments. (e): The dose-dependence of either SurATG, SurUTR or SurATG+UTR morpholinos. Optimal response was observed when embryos were co-injected with 3 ng of each MO (SurUTR+ATG). Results were expressed as mean ± S.E.M. In each experiment, MOs at different doses were injected into the same batch of embryos and were scored at the same time. More than 40 embryos have been injected at each dosage.
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