Figure 5

Prophylactic Shh activation attenuates TBI-induced edema, neuroinflammation, and PTS. (A) Histogram quantifying brain edema in undamaged and sTBI fish with and without Shh modulation and ceftriaxone treatment across 1 to 14 dpi (n = 9 fish per control/experimental group). (B) Expression of il1β by qRT-PCR in the cerebellum of sTBI fish with and without Shh modulation and ceftriaxone treatment compared undamaged fish (n = 3 per control/experimental group, with 5 pooled cerebellums/trial). (C) Percentage of fish that displayed spontaneous seizure events spanning the timeframe of from within 1 hpi to 5 dpi with and without Shh modulation and ceftriaxone treatment (n = 100 fish per control/experimental group). (C’) Expanded view of early post-traumatic seizure percentage. Grey box denotes period of cyclopamine administration. Statistical analyses were performed with either a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test (A), a two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison post hoc test (B), or the Friedman test of the repeated-measures data (C), # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01.