Neural crest cells and derivative populations show variable response to BMP inhibition.(A) Expression analyses of neural crest markers foxd3 and sox10 by qRT-PCR in gdf6a(lf) and BMPi-treated animals compared to controls, n = 4–6 replicates for each condition from two independent experiments (N = 2). (B) Left, photomicrographs of wild-type/foxp3(lf) heterozygous and foxd3(lf) homozygous embryos under BMPi treatment compared to controls, and, right, melanocyte quantification in these embryos, n = 23 and 9 control and foxd3(lf) embryos, respectively, from two independent experiments (N = 2). (C) Left, Hu C/D staining for dorsal root ganglion structures and, right, quantification of dorsal root ganglia developing per segment, n = 5 per group. Scale bar = 50 µm. (D) Left, photomicrographs of individual Hu C/D-stained DRG’s and, right, quantification in the number of cells populating each individual DRG; n = 30 per group. Scale bar = 10 µm. (E) Left, Hu C/D staining for enteric neurons and, right, quantification of the number of enteric neurons per field in developing gastrointestinal tract; n = 5 per group. Scale bar = 50 µm. (F) Qualitative evaluation of xanthophore development using Tg(aox5:PALM-eGFP) embryos treated with vehicle or BMPi showed no apparent change in density or localization of xanthophores between vehicle- and BMPi-treated embryos, supported by no change in aox5 expression as shown in Figure 5A. (G) Left, Hu C/D staining of vehicle- and BMPi-treated Tg(mitfa:eGFP) embryos and, right, quantification of mitfa:eGFP-positive, DRG-associated cells in control and BMPi-treated groups, n = 8 and 12 DRG’s evaluated in vehicle- and BMPi-treated embryos, respectively, from two independent experiments (N = 2). Error bars represent mean + /- SEM. P-values were calculated using Student’s t-test, *p<0.05, n.s., not significant.
|