Fig. 5

Diphtheria toxin A (DTA) myocarditis model. Serial echocardiography was performed in male wild-type fish (n=8) to assess the effects of conditional cardiomyocyte-specific expression of DTA by 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-HT) exposure. (A) Macroscopic appearance before (left) and 7 days after (right) 4-HT exposure. Treated fish show ventral protrusion (arrow) associated with pericardial effusion and cardiac chamber enlargement. (B) Echocardiographic longitudinal axis images showing ventricle (v, outlined in red) and atrium (a, outlined in green) before (left) and after (right) 4-HT exposure. Scale bar: 0.2 mm. (C) Bar graph depicting mean absolute change in end-diastolic volume indexed to BSA (EDVi), end-systolic volume indexed to BSA (ESVi) and stroke volume indexed to BSA (SVi). (D) Bar graph depicting the mean absolute change from baseline for indices of systolic function: ejection fraction (EF), fractional area change (FAC), fractional shortening (FS), global longitudinal strain (GLS), peak longitudinal strain (PLS) and peak ś wave velocity on tissue Doppler. (E) Bar graph depicting mean absolute change in parameters of diastolic function: peak E wave, A wave, é wave and á wave velocities. For parameters shown in C-E, the coefficient of variation (CV, where CV=s.d./mean) was calculated for pre-treatment and post-treatment measurements. Data are shown as mean±s.e.m. *P≤0.05; **P≤0.01; ***P≤0.001, paired t-test.