Crotalaria longirostrata plants. (A) Plants growing in traditional fields; (B) C. longirostrata leaves; (C) C. longirostrata flowers.

(A) Accumulated mortality of zebrafish embryos at 120 h post fertilization (hpf) in the presence of Chipilin extracts. Concentrations of Chipilin extracts were 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, and 750 μg/mL. Each point represents the medium (n = 20), and asterisk means a mean with significant difference at p < 0.05. (B) Accumulated toxicity on zebrafish embryos of Chipilin extracts at 120 hpf. Concentration of Chipilin tested ranged from 0 to 800 μg/mL. SFE, supercritical fluid extraction.

Survival of zebrafish larvae at 72 hpf (hours post fertilization) in the presence of different Chipilin extracts extracted with different solvents: (A) water (0.75, 10, and 50 mg/mL); (B) ethanol (0.75, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/mL); (C) ethanol–water (10, 2.5, and 50 mg/mL); and (D) SFE (supercritical fluid extraction) at 7, 10, and 50 mg/mL.

(A) Design for the assay for D. rerio larvae locomotion. In each well were added 1.5 mL of E3 buffer and one larva of 7 dpf (days post fertilization). Red asterisks indicate the time of addition of Chipilin extracts. Black triangle indicates the time for recording the fish movement. (B) Distance traveled by zebrafish embryos over time on the dark–light–dark transitions. SFE, supercritical fluid extract

(A) Swim velocity and (B) swim trajectory of zebrafish larvae at 7 dpf (days post fertilization) exposed to 125 μg/mL Chipilin extract during the dark–light–dark transitions. C, control; SFE, supercritical fluid extract.