- Title
-
Toxicity of Jegosaponins A and B from Styrax japonica Siebold et al. Zuccarini in Prostate Cancer Cells and Zebrafish Embryos Resulting from Increased Membrane Permeability
- Authors
- Nishimura, M., Fuchino, H., Takayanagi, K., Kawakami, H., Nakayama, H., Kawahara, N., Shimada, Y.
- Source
- Full text @ Int. J. Mol. Sci.
Jegosaponin A and B from unripe fruits of Styrax japonica Siebold et al. Zuccarini (SJSZ) suppress prostate cancer PC-3 cells. (a) BuOH extract of SJSZ suppresses PC-3 cell viability. n = 8, error bars indicate SD. **** p < 0.0001 compared to control (0.1% DMSO). (b) Fraction 1, 5 and 6 of BuOH extract of SJSZ suppresses cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. n = 8, error bars indicate SD. **** p < 0.0001 compared to control (0.1% DMSO). (c) Chemical structures of jegosaponin A and B. (d) Jegosaponin A and B suppress PC-3 cell viability after 48 h treatment. n = 8, error bars indicate SD. **** p < 0.0001 compared to control (0 μM jegosaponin A). #### p < 0.0001 vs. control (0 μM jegosaponin B). |
Zebrafish embryo acute toxicity test of jegosaponin A and B. (a) Blastula (5 hpf) embryos were exposed to jegosaponin A and B for 120 hpf. n = 3, * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 vs. control (0 μM jegosaponin A); ## p < 0.01 vs. control (0 μM jegosaponin B) (b) Survival analysis on 24 hpf with jegosaponins exposure. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 vs. control (0 μM jegosaponin A); ## p < 0.01 vs. control (0 μM jegosaponin B). (c) Representative images of (a). |
Jegosaponin A and B increase cell membrane permeability. (a) Haemolysis of RBCs by jegosaponin A and B. n = 3, error bars indicate SD. (b) Increase in cell membrane permeability of PC-3 cells treated with jegosaponin A and B. Purple indicates membrane impermeable DRAQ7-stained nucleus. (c) Quantitative analysis of (b). n = 3, error bars indicate SD. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 vs. control (0 μM jegosaponin A); # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 vs. control (0 μM jegosaponin B). (d) Increase of cell membrane permeability of 48 hpf zebrafish by jegosaponin A and B. Purple indicates membrane impermeable DRAQ7-stained nucleus. |