(A) Schematic overview of the process of macroautophagy; (B) Schematic overview of the core autophagic proteins involved in autophagosome biogenesis.

Messenger RNA sequence (mRNA-seq) analysis. Line plot of core autophagy gene transcripts analyzed by mRNA-seq in zebrafish embryos from the oocyte stage to post-mid blastula stage transition.

Confocal imaging of Tg(CMV:GFP-Lc3). Representative confocal images of GFP-Lc3 puncta (autophagosomes) in the trunk area of GFP-Lc3 transgenic zebrafish embryos injected with control morpholino or Hslbp3 translational-blocking morpholino and imaged at 2 days post fertilization (dpf) with or without pre-treatment with chloroquine (10 mM) for 6 h. Scale bars, 10 µM for the confocal images. Panel A, B shows the whole zebrafish larvae at 2 days post fertilization highlighting the trunk area chosen for confocal imaging; Panel A’, A’’, B’, B’’ shows respective confocal images.

Schematic overview of the autophagic pathway and a partial list of reagents (reagents used beyond 2014, Table 2) that modulate autophagy in zebrafish are indicated.

Confocal imaging of Tg(CMV:EGFP-Mapllc3b) on infection. GFP-Lc3 signal around clusters of M. marinum bacteria in 4-day-old zebrafish larva at 3 days post infection. Scale bars, 10 µM.