PUBLICATION

Spermidine, but not spermine, is essential for pigment pattern formation in zebrafish

Authors
Frohnhöfer, H.G., Geiger-Rudolph, S., Pattky, M., Meixner, M., Huhn, C., Maischein, H.M., Geisler, R., Gehring, I., Maderspacher, F., Nüsslein-Volhard, C., Irion, U.
ID
ZDB-PUB-160525-12
Date
2016
Source
Biology Open   5(6): 736-44 (Journal)
Registered Authors
Frohnhöfer, Hans Georg, Gehring, Ines, Geiger-Rudolph, Silke, Geisler, Robert, Irion, Uwe, Maderspacher, Florian, Maischein, Hans-Martin, Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane
Keywords
Pattern formation, Pigmentation, Polyamine, Spermidine synthase, Spermine synthase, Zebrafish
MeSH Terms
none
PubMed
27215328 Full text @ Biol. Open
Abstract
Polyamines are small poly-cations essential for all cellular life. The main polyamines present in metazoans are putrescine, spermidine and spermine. Their exact functions are still largely unclear; however, they are involved in a wide variety of processes affecting cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis and aging. Here we identify idefix, a mutation in the zebrafish gene encoding the enzyme spermidine synthase, leading to a severe reduction in spermidine levels as shown by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. We show that spermidine, but not spermine, is essential for early development, organogenesis and colour pattern formation. Whereas in other vertebrates spermidine deficiency leads to very early embryonic lethality, maternally provided spermidine synthase in zebrafish is sufficient to rescue the early developmental defects. This allows us to uncouple them from events occurring later during colour patterning. Factors involved in the cellular interactions essential for colour patterning, likely targets for spermidine, are the gap junction components Cx41.8, Cx39.4, and Kir7.1, an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, all known to be regulated by polyamines. Thus, zebrafish provide a vertebrate model to study the in vivo effects of polyamines.
Genes / Markers
Marker Marker Type Name
birc5bGENEbaculoviral IAP repeat containing 5b
c1ql4aGENEcomplement component 1, q subcomponent-like 4
csf1raGENEcolony stimulating factor 1 receptor, a
dffaGENEDNA fragmentation factor, alpha polypeptide
dre-let-7hMIRNAGmicroRNA let7h
ednrbaGENEendothelin receptor Ba
gja4GENEgap junction protein alpha 4
gja5bGENEgap junction protein, alpha 5b
huwe1GENEHECT, UBA and WWE domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1
kcnj13GENEpotassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 13
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Figures
Figure Gallery (7 images)
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Expression
Phenotype
Fish Conditions Stage Phenotype Figure
TU + CRISPR3-smsstandard conditionsSphere
TU + CRISPR3-smsstandard conditionsAdult
TU + CRISPR3-smsstandard conditionsAdult
TU + CRISPR3-smsstandard conditionsAdult
gja4t32241/t32241 (TU)standard conditionsAdult
gja4t32241/t32241 (TU)standard conditionsAdult
gja5bt1/t1 (TU)standard conditionsAdult
gja5bt1/t1 (TU)standard conditionsAdult
gja5bt1/t1 (TU)standard conditionsAdult
gja5bt1/t1; srmt26743/t26743 (TU)standard conditionsAdult
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Mutations / Transgenics
Allele Construct Type Affected Genomic Region
t1
    		Point Mutation
    t26743
      		Point Mutation
      t32241
        		Indel
        tlf802
          		Point Mutation
          tm236b
            		Point Mutation
            txg6
              		Unknown
              w2
                		Point Mutation
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                Human Disease / Model
                No data available
                Sequence Targeting Reagents
                Target Reagent Reagent Type
                smsCRISPR3-smsCRISPR
                srmCRISPR1-srmCRISPR
                1 - 2 of 2
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                Fish
                Fish
                gja4t32241/t32241 (TU)
                gja5bt1/t1; srmt26743/t26743 (TU)
                gja5bt1/t1 (TU)
                kcnj13txg6/+ (TU)
                kcnj13txg6/txg6 (TU)
                srmt26743/+ (TU)
                srmt26743/t26743; gja4t32241/t32241 (TU)
                srmt26743/t26743; kcnj13txg6/+ (TU)
                srmt26743/t26743; kcnj13txg6/txg6 (TU)
                srmt26743/t26743 (TU)
                1 - 10 of 12
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                Antibodies
                No data available
                Orthology
                No data available
                Engineered Foreign Genes
                No data available
                Mapping
                No data available
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                Citation
                Frohnhöfer, H.G., Geiger-Rudolph, S., Pattky, M., Meixner, M., Huhn, C., Maischein, H.M., Geisler, R., Gehring, I., Maderspacher, F., Nüsslein-Volhard, C., Irion, U. (2016) Spermidine, but not spermine, is essential for pigment pattern formation in zebrafish. Biology Open. 5(6):736-44.