Person
Levkowitz, Gil
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Biography and Research Interest
Gil Levkowitz received his BSc. and MSc. from Tel Aviv University in Israel. He conducted his Ph.D. research in Prof. Yosef Yarden’s laboratory at the Weizmann Institute of Science focusing on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, and earned his Ph.D. degree at 2000. He was a Post-Doctoral Fellow (2000-2002) in Arnon Rosenthal’s laboratory at Genentech Inc., (South San Francisco, USA) where he studied the embryonic development of the dopamine- secreting [termed ‘dopaminergic’] neuronal cell type, which is associated with Parkinson’s disease as well as other neurological disorders. He then spent approximately two years (2002-2003) as a project team leader at Rinat-Neuroscience Corp. in Palo Alto. USA (now Rinat-Pfizer Inc.), conducting research and pre-clinical development of drugs for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Since returning to Israel he has been a Senior Scientist and then a Professor at the Weizmann Institute. His lab is using zebrafish to study genetic pathways controlling hypothalamic neuronal circuits that have been associated with neurological conditions such as depression, chronic stress, autism and obesity.
Non-Zebrafish Publications
Peer-Reviewed Articles:
Chen, Q., Leshkowitz, D. Blechman, J. and G. Levkowitz. 2020. Single-cell molecular and cellular architecture of neurohypophyseal cell types in the adult mouse. eNeuro 7(1): ENEURO.0345-19.2019. https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0345-19.2019.
Wilcock, D. M., A. Rojiani, A. Rosenthal, G. Levkowitz, S. Subbarao, J. Alamed, D. Wilson, N. Wilson. M. J. Freeman, M. N. Gordon, D. Morgan. 2004, Passive amyloid immunotherapy clears amyloid and transiently activates microglia in a transgenic mouse model of amyloid deposition. 2004. Journal of Neuroscience 24: 6144-6151.
Levkowitz, G., S. Oved, L.N. Klapper, D. Harari,, S. Lavi, M. Sela and Y. Yarden. 2000. c-Cbl is a suppressor of the neu oncogene. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275: 35532-35539.
Levkowitz, G., H. Waterman, S. A. Ettenberg, M. Katz, A. Y. Tysgankov, I. Alroy, S. Lavi, Iwai, K., Y. Reiss, Ciechanover A. and Y. Yarden. 1999. Ubiquitin ligase activity and tyrosine phosphorylation underlie suppression of growth factor signaling by c-Cbl/Sli-1 Molecular Cell 4: 1029-1040.
Watermann, H., G. Levkowitz, I. Alroy and Y. Yarden. 1999. The RING finger of c-Cbl mediates desensitization of the EGF-receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 22151-22154.
Levkowitz, G., H. Waterman, E. Zamir, Z. Kam, S. Oved, W. Y. Langdon, L. Beguinot, B. Geiger and Y. Yarden. 1998. c-Cbl/Sli-1 regulates endocytic sorting and ubiquitination of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Genes & Development 12: 3663-3674.
Tzahar, E., J. D. Moyer, H. Waterman, E. G.Barbacci, J. Bao, G. Levkowitz, M. Shelly, S. Strano, R. Pinkas-Kramarski, J. H.Pierce, G. C. Andrews and Y. Yarden. 1998. Pathogenic poxviruses reveal viral strategies to exploit the ErbB signaling network. EMBO Journal 17: 5948-5963.
Pinkas-Kramarski, R., R. Eilam, I. Alroy, G. Levkowitz, P. Lonai and Y. Yarden. 1997. Differential expression of NDF/neuregulin receptors ErbB-3 and ErbB-4 and involvement in inhibition of neuronal differentiation. Oncogene 15: 2803-2815.
Tzahar, E., R. Pinkas-Kramarski, , J. B. Moyer, L N. Klapper, I. Alroy, G. Levkowitz, M. Shelly, S. Henis, M. Eisenstein, B. J. Radzkin, M. Sela, G. C. Andrews and Y. Yarden. 1997. Bivalency of EGF-like ligands drives the ErbB signaling network. EMBO Journal 16: 4938-4950.
Tzahar, E., H. Waterman, X. Chen, G. Levkowitz, D. Karunagaran, S. Lavi, J. B. Ratzkin, and Y. Yarden. 1996. A hierarchical network of inter- receptor interactions determines signal transduction by Neu Differentiation factor and Epidermal Growth factor. Molecular and Cellular Biology 16: 5276-5287.
Pinkas-Kramarski, R., L. Soussan, H. Waterman, G. Levkowitz, I. Alroy, L. Klapper, S. Lavi, J. B. Ratzkin, M. Sela and Y. Yarden. 1996. Diversification of neu differentiation factor and epidermal growth factor signaling by combinatorial receptor interactions. EMBO Journal 15: 2452-2467.
Chen, X., G. Levkowitz, E. Tzahar, D. Karunagaran, S. Lavi, N. Ben-Baruch, O. Leithner, J. B. Ratzkin, S. S. Bacus and Y. Yarden. 1996. An Immunological approach reveals biological differences between the two NDF receptors, ErbB-3 and ErbB-4. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271: 7620-7629.
Levkowitz, G., L. N. Klapper, E. Tzahar, A. Freywald, M. Sela and Y. Yarden. 1996. Coupling of the c-Cbl proto-oncogene product to ErbB-1/EGF-receptor but not other ErbB proteins. Oncogene 12: 1117-1125.
Dong, Z., A. Brennan, N. Liu, Y. Yarden, G. Levkowitz, R. Mirsky and K. R. Jessen. 1995. Neu differentiation factor is a neuron-glia signal and regulates survival, proliferation, and maturation of rat schwann cell precursors. Neuron 15: 585-596.
Tzahar, E., G. Levkowitz, D. Karunagaran, L. Yi, E. Peles, S. Lavi, D. Chang, N. Liu, A. Yayon, D. Wen and Y. Yarden. 1994. ErbB-3 and ErbB-4 function as the respective low and high affinity receptors of all NDF/Heregulin isoforms. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269: 25226-25233.
Berko-Flint, Y., G. Levkowitz and L. Vardimon. 1994. Involvement of c-Jun in the control of glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activity during development of chicken retinal tissue. EMBO Journal 13: 646-54.
Reviews and Editorials:
Gordon L. and G. Levkowitz. (2021). Through the open window: How does the brain talk to the body? Frontiers for Young Minds. doi: 10.3389/frym.2021.534184.
Wagner S., Grinevich V. and G. Levkowitz (2020). Advances in Neurohypophysial Hormones Research. Journal of Neuroendocrinology doi.org/10.1111/jne.12853.
Robinson K.J., Bosch O.J., Levkowitz G., Busch K.E., Jarman A. and M.Ludwig. 2019. Social creatures: model animal systems for studying the neuroendocrine mechanisms of social behaviour. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 12:e12807 doi: 10.1111/JNE.12807.
Gliksberg M. and G. Levkowitz. 2017. Smells Familiar: Pheromone-induced neurotransmitter switching mediates social discrimination. Neuron 95:1229-1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.08.044
Blechman J. and G. Levkowitz. 2013. Alternative Splicing of the Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Receptor PAC1: Mechanisms of Fine Tuning of Brain Activity. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 4:55. doi:10.3389/fendo.2013.00055.
Gutnick A. and G. Levkowitz. 2012. The neurohypophysis – fishing for new insights. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 24(6):973-974.
Book Chapters:
Rajamannar , P. Arokidhas, I., Levkowitz, G.* and Biran, J.* (2022) The neurohypophysis and urophysis - ancient Piscine neurovascular interfaces. In Neuroanatomy of Neuroendocrine Systems, V. Grinevich and A. Dobolyi, eds. (Springer-Nature). Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology 12, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86630-3_4
*co-corresponding authors
Biran, J., Wircer, E., Blechman, J. and G. Levkowitz. (2018) Development and function of the zebrafish neuroendocrine system. In Model animals in neuroendocrinology: From worm to mouse to man, M. Ludwig and G. Levkowitz, eds. (Wiley-Blackwell). pp. 101-131. DOI:10.1002/9781119391128.ch5
Edited book: Ludwig M, Levkowitz G. eds. (2018) Model Animals in Neuroendocrinology: From Worm to Mouse to Man. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell. ISBN: 978-1-119-39094-7.
Wircer, E., Ben-Dor, S. and G. Levkowitz. 2016. In: Non-mammalian models for neurohypophysial peptides. In Molecular Neuroendocrinology: From Genome to Physiology, D. Murphy and H. Gainer, eds. (Wiley-Blackwell), pp. 301–328. DOI: 10.1002/9781118760369.ch14
Levkowitz, G. and Y. Yarden. 2002. Erbb. In: Wiley Encyclopedia of Molecular Medicine, by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5 Vol. Set: 1197-1200.