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Fig. 1 Chemical structure of PALM (A) and PALM effect in the EKP-induced hyperlocomotion assay in larval zebrafish. Zebrafish larvae (6 dpf) were incubated with PALM (75, 150, 300 or 450 µM) for 24 h and then exposed to EKP (400 µM). The analysis started 5 min after EKP application. Results of the experiments are shown as: (B) total distance traveled during 30 min of experiment, (C) distance traveled in 2 min long time bins, (D) number of events [nr/20 min] and (e) mean duration of events [s/20 min] in the LFP recordings. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures with Bonferroni’s post-hoc test (A) and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (B) were applied for statistical purposes. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Behavioural studies (B, C): vehicle + vehicle, n = 33; PALM 450 + vehicle, n = 28; vehicle + EKP, n = 91; PALM 75 + EKP, n = 48; PALM 150 + EKP, n = 48; PALM 300 + EKP, n = 37; PALM 450 + EK; n = 87; LFP recordings (D, E): vehicle + vehicle, n = 11; PALM 450 + vehicle, n = 5; vehicle + EKP, n = 18; PALM 450 + EKP 400, n = 15. * p < 0.05, * * p < 0.01, * ** P < 0.001. EKP – ethyl 2-ketopent-4-enoate, PALM – palmatine.