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Fig. 9
Treatment of DNIC-2 induced less severe pericardial edema than SNP in zebrafish embryos. (a) Heart rate for zebrafish embryos at 96 hpf in the control, DNIC-2-treated, and SNP-treated groups. (b) Graphical illustration of SV-BA distance and edema index. The measurement of SV-BA distance was indicated with a black arrow, whereas edema index was defined as the ratio of the semi-diameter of the pericardial cavity to that of the ventricle (b/a). Scale bar = 100 μm. (c) SV-BA distance normalized with body length. (d–f) Representative images of cardiac edema in different categories based on SV-BA measurement; the measurement points were indicated by arrows. The hearts were indicated by red dotted lines. Scale bar = 200 μm. (g) Fraction of larvae with cardiac edema at 96 hpf. (h) Incidence of severe cardiac edema at 96 hpf. (i) Pericardial edema index at 96 hpf. One-way ANOVA with Holm–Šidák test; * p < 0.05; ns, no significance. Data are expressed as mean + SD (N = 4, n = 7–12).