FIGURE 11

FIGURE 11

Comparison of community structure among the fecal microbiota of the C, A, A + M, A + M + M, and A + M + I groups. (A) Venn diagram illustrating the overlap of the OTUs identified in the fecal microbiota of the five groups. (B) Shannon curves among the five groups. (C) The alpha diversity of the fecal microbiome among the five groups based on Sobs, Chao, ACE, and Shannon index values. (D) The beta diversity of the fecal microbiome among the five groups based on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs the C group; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 vs the A + M group; ^▲p < 0.05, ^▲▲p < 0.01 vs the A group. C: control group; A: antibiotic group; A + M: antibiotic + morphine group; A + M + M: antibiotic + morphine + methadone group; A + M + I: antibiotic + morphine + isorhynchophylline group.