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Fig. S1 Variable BMP activation and facial skeletal defects in UAS:Bmp4 animals. (A-D) Colorimetric in situ hybridizations show variability of bmp4 upregulation in UAS:Bmp4 embryos subjected to a 20-24 hpf heat-shock after 20 minutes of staining. In hsp70I:Gal4 control embryos, 20 minutes was not enough time for endogenous bmp4 staining to appear (A). Similarly, various classes of GFP upregulation were observed in BRE:GFP; hsp70I:Gal4; UAS:Bmp4 embryos (C,D) compared with BRE:GFP; hsp70I:Gal4 controls (B). Mandibular (1) and hyoid (2) arches are numbered. (E-G) Ventral views of 5 dpf dissected facial skeletons in hsp70I:Gal4 control (E) and a phenotypic series of UAS:Bmp4 larvae (F,G). Scale bars: 50 μm.